Class IX Science

Chapter - 6 Tissues

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science

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In page question - Page 69
Q 1.

What is a tissue?

Ans.

Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and are organised together to perform a specific task. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.

In page question - Page 69
Q 2.

What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?

Ans.

In unicellular organisms, a single cell performs all the basic functions such as respiration, movement, excretion, digestion, etc.

Whereas in multicellular organisms, cells are grouped to form tissues. These tissues are specialised to carry out a particular function at a definite place in the body. For example, the muscle cells form muscular tissues which helps in movement, nerve cells form the nervous tissue which helps in transmission of messages.

This is known as division of labour in multicellular organisms. It is because of this division of labour that multicellular organisms are able to perform all functions efficiently.

In page question - Page 74
Q 1.

Name types of simple tissues.

Ans.

Simple permanent tissues are of three types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, andSclerenchyma. Parenchyma tissue is of further two types - aerenchyma and chlorenchyma.

In page question - Page 74
Q 2.

Where is apical meristem found?

Ans.

Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots. Their main function is to initiate growth in new cells of seedlings, at the tip of roots, and shoots.

In page question - Page 74
Q 3.

Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

Ans.

The husk of a coconut is made up of sclerenchyma tissue.

In page question - Page 74
Q 4.

What are the constituents of phloem?

Ans.

Phloem is the food conducting tissue in plants. It is made up of four components:

  1. Sieve tubes
  2. Companion cells
  3. Phloem parenchyma
  4. Phloem fibres
In page question - Page 78
Q 1.

Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.

Ans.

The muscular tissue is responsible for movement in our body.

In page question - Page 78
Q 2.

What does a neuron look like?

Ans.

A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm. It has two

important extensions known as the axon and dendrites. An axon is a long thread-like extension of nerve cells that transmits impulses away from the cell body.

Dendrites, on the other hand, are thread-like extensions of cell body that receive nerve impulses. Thus, the axon transmits impulses away from the cell body,whereas the dendrite receives nerve impulses. This coordinated function helps intransmitting impulses very quickly.

class IX science chapter 6 tissues - neuron

In page question - Page 78
Q 3.

Give three features of cardiac muscles.

Ans.

Three features of cardiac muscles are:

  1. Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles that contract rapidly, but do not get fatigued.
  2. The cells of cardiac muscles are cylindrical, branched, and uninucleate.
  3. They control the contraction and relaxation of the heart.
In page question - Page 78
Q 4.

What are the functions of areolar tissue?

Ans.

Functions of areolar tissue:

  1. It helps in supporting internal organs.
  2. It helps in repairing the tissues of the skin and muscles.
Chapter end exercise
Q 1.

Define the term ‘tissue’?

Ans.

The group of cells similar in structure that work together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue. This group of cells has a common origin.

Chapter end exercise
Q 2.

How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.

Ans.

Xylem is a complex tissue. It is made up of following four kinds of cells or elements:

  1. Tracheids
  2. Vessels
  3. Xylem parenchyma
  4. Xylem fibres.
Chapter end exercise
Q 3.

How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

Ans.

Simple tissues are made up of one type of cells which coordinate to perform a common function.
Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these coordinate to perform a common function.

Chapter end exercise
Q 4.

Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.

Ans.

The differences between cell walls of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are given in the following table:

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
1. Cell wall is primary 1. Cell wall is primary. 1. Cell wall is secondary.
2. Cells have thin walls and made up of cellulose. 2. Cell walls are thickened at the corners due to protein deposition. 2. Cell wall is very thick due to lignin deposition.

 

Chapter end exercise
Q 5.

What are the functions of Stomata?

Ans.

The small pores present in the epidermis of the leaf are stomata. Stomata are enclosed by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells.


Functions of Stomata::

  1. Exchange of gases, particularly CO2 and O2, with atmosphere.
  2. Loss of water in the form of vapour during transpiration.
Chapter end exercise
Q 6.

Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.

Ans.

class IX chapter 6 tissues muscles

Chapter end exercise
Q 7.

What is the specific function of cardiac muscle?

Ans.

Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles which show characteristics of both smooth and striated muscles. These muscles occur in the walls of the heart.

Functions of Cardiac Muscles

  1. Cardiac muscles contract and relax rapidly, rhythmically and tirelessly throughout life. They contract endlessly from early embryonic stage until death.
  2. The contraction and relaxation of heart muscles help to pump and distribute blood to various parts of body.
Chapter end exercise
Q 8.

Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site / location in the body.

Ans.

Striated, Unstriated and Cardiac muscles are three types of muscle tissues. Their different characteristics are as follows:

Character Striated Muscles  Unstriated Muscles Cardiac Muscles
1. Shape of cells Cells are long cylindrical, non-tapering and un-
branched

Cells are long with tapering ends (spindle shape) and un-branched.

Cells are non-tapering,
cylindrical and branched.
2. Nucleus 

Many nuclei (multi-
nucleated) which are situated towards the
periphery of muscle fibre.

The cells have only one
nucleus (uni-nucleated)
situated in the center.
Each cell contains one or two nuclei situated in the center.
3. Striation  Transverse alternate light and dark bands present. Striations or strips are
absent.
Cells have faint striations.
4. Mode of Contraction Voluntary contract rapidly but soon undergo fatigue. Involuntarily not at our will. Contract comparatively slow but do not fatigue. Involuntary, rhythmically
contract and relax throughout life without fatigue under normal conditions.
5. Example of location Hands, legs and other
skeletal muscles.
Stomach wall, intestine,
ureter, bronchi etc.
Present in heart.
Chapter end exercise
Q 9.

Draw a labelled diagram of neuron.

Ans.

class ix chapter 6 tissues detailed diagram neuron

Chapter end exercise
Q 10.

Name the following:

  1. Tissue that forms inner lining of our mouth.
  2. Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
  3. Tissue that transports food in plants.
  4. Tissue that stores fat in our body.
  5. Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
  6. Tissue present in brain.

Ans.
  1. Squamous epithelium
  2. Tendon
  3. Phloem
  4. Adipose tissue
  5. Blood
  6. Nervous tissue.
Chapter end exercise
Q 11.

Identify the type of tissue in the following:


Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.

Ans.
  • Skin - Stratified Squamous epithelium
  • Bark of tree - Cork protective tissue
  • Bone - Connective tissue
  • Lining of kidney tubule - Cuboidal epithelium (Cuboidal epithelial tissue)
  • Vascular bundle - Complex permanent tissue (Xylem and Phloem)
Chapter end exercise
Q 12.

Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.

Ans.

Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue of angiospermic plants. It is present in cortex and pith of stem and roots. It is also present in mesophyll of leaves. When it contains chlorophyll, it is called Chlorenchyma, found in green leaves.

Chapter end exercise
Q 13.

What is the role of epidermis in plants?

Ans.

Epidermis is a protective tissue of angiospermic plants. It provides protections to underlying tissues. Epidermis forms outer covering of various plant organs such as roots, stem, leaves, and flowers and remains in direct contact with the environment. Any substance whether solid, liquid or gas can enter into the plant
or move outside only after passing through this layer. Epidermis helps in absorption, secretion, gaseous exchange and transpiration. It helps in preventing the entry of pathogens.

Chapter end exercise
Q 14.

How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Ans.

The cork cells are dead cells and do not have any intercellular spaces. The cell wall of the cork cells are coated with suberin (a waxy substance). Suberin makes these cells impermeable to water and gases. Cork is protective in function; it protects underlying tissues from desiccation, infection and mechanical injury.

Chapter end exercise
Q 15.

Complete the table:

class ix chapter 6 tissues table

Ans.

class ix chapter 6 tissues table complete

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