- Plants are usually grouped into herbs, shrubs, trees, and climbers based on their height, stems and branches.
- Plants with green and tender stems are called herbs. They are usually short and may not have many branches.
- Some plants have the stem branching out near the base. The stem is hard but not very thick. Such plants are called shrubs.
- Some plants are very tall and have hard and thick brown stem. The stems have branches in the upper part, much above the ground. Such plants are called trees.
- Plants with weak stems that cannot stand upright and spread on the ground are called creepers, while those that take support on neighboring structures and climb up are called climbers.
- The stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
- A leaf usually has a petiole and a lamina.
- The pattern of veins on the leaf is called venation
- Water moves up the stem. In other words, stem conducts water.
- The water and minerals go to leaves and other plant parts attached to the stem, through narrow tubes inside the stem.
- The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called petiole. The broad, green part of the leaf is called lamina.
- The design made by veins in a leaf is called the leaf venation.
- If this design is net-like on both sides of midrib, the venation is reticulate.
- If the veins are parallel to each other, it is known as parallel venation.
- Water comes out of leaves in the form of vapor by a process called transpiration. Plants release a lot of water into the air through this process.
- Leaves prepare their food in the presence of sunlight and a green colored substance present in them. For this, they use water and carbon dioxide from air. This process is called photosynthesis. Oxygen is given out in this process. The food prepared by leaves ultimately gets stored in different parts of plant as starch.
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