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Class VI - History
Chapter - 9 Vital Villages Thriving Towns
What, Where, How and When?
On the Trail of the Earliest People
From Gathering to Growing Food
In the Earliest Cities
What Books and Burials Tell Us
Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic
New Questions and Ideas
Ashoka, the Emperor Who Gave Up War
Vital Villages, Thriving Towns
Traders, Kings and Pilgrims
New Empires and Kingdoms
Buildings, Paintings and Books
Rise of new kingdoms and towns led to an increase in agriculture and trade. It resulted in the growth of new towns.
Rapid Increase in Agricultural Production:
Growth of Crafts and Craftsmen:
Art and specialties flourished in every village.
Each village had weavers, dyers, potters, smithies, wicker bin weaver, goldsmiths, wood workers and other skilled skilled workers.
Silk weaving, dyeing, coin-minting, ivory-carving, material making and globule making turned into the well-known occupations.
Archeological sources indicate extremely fine stoneware called the Northern Black Polished Ware.
Most skilled workers composed themselves into organizations called Shrenis.
Increase in Trade:
The rise in agriculture production and artworks led to surplus generation. This surplus in towns was provided to towns.
All this prompted development of exchange/trade.
Merchants and traders took an interest in both the internal and external exchange.
All trading groups were organized into organizations.
Use of money gave rise to punch marked coins.
Taxes gathered from trade acted as a vital source of income for the ruler
How did People Live:
Very little information is available about the life of the people.
The main sources to know about them include stories from books, the accounts of sailors and travelers and sculptures which show scenes from the daily life.
The Second Urbanization: Town and Cities:
Large-scale agriculture production, development of crafts and expanded exchange and trade led to rise of new towns and urban cities.
It led to development of urban focuses and is known as the Age of Second Urbanization.
Some critical towns of this period were Vaishali, Ujjayani, Hastinapur, Pataliputra, Mathura, Arikamedu, Bodh Gaya, Rajagriha and Kaveripattnam.
Functions of Towns:
Each town was renowned for some specific movement.
Some towns were religious while others were authoritative.
Several towns like Sopara were exchanging towns.
Two such celebrated towns were Mathura and Arikamedu.
Mathura was the second capital of Kushanas and a center of sanctuaries religious communities, arts and crafts. The Mathura School of Art became here.
Arikamedu was an essential focus centre, a port and a middle for fare and import. Dealers from Rome came here.
Life of People of Tamil Nadu: Under the Cholas and the Pandyas:
Most individuals lived in towns and were agriculturists.
Towns were close to the drift.
Trade went similar to Rome and China.
People like diversions, recreations and betting.
The organization was going by a lord. There was even a general get together known as the Sabha.
The most well-known God was Murugan (Kartikeya in North).
The Chola Kingdom was arranged between the Pennar and the Velur streams and its focal point of energy was Uraiyar, a popular cotton focus.
The Pandyha kingdom with its capital at Madurai was known for its pearls. It is said by Megasthenes and the Sangam writing.
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