Class VI - History

Chapter - 10 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

  10. Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

  • Around 1,000 BC when the Second Urbanization described North India, the territory around
  • Deccan Peninsula and South India saw eco-residence of both Iron Age and Megalithic Age prompting a solid development.
Sangam Age:
  1. The Iron Age laid underlying foundations of a brilliant period in South India from 300 BC to 300 AD, prominently known as the Sangam Age.
  2. The rich verse of this period mirrors the wonderfulness of the Tamil culture and society.
  3. Tamils had great contacts and exchange relations with inaccessible terrains like Rome and Cambodia.
Sangam Literature:
  1. The word 'Sangam' implies gathering. The Tamil writing uncovers of three artistic get-togethers of artists promotion researchers around.
  2. 2,200 years back under the support of the Pandyan Kings.
  3. Of the second gathering, just the Tamil linguistic use 'Tolkappiyam' has survived. The third gathering at Madurai prompted production of more than 2,000 ballads together which is known as the Sangam Literature.
Southern Kingdoms:
  1. The Sangam literature mentions three Kingdoms in the Tamilakam region: The Cheras, the Cholas and the Pandyas.
  2. The Cheras were also called Keralaputras and exchanged flavors, steers and turmeric.
  3. The Cholas ruled Kaveri delta and even caught parts of Sri Lanka.
  4. The Pandyas revolved around Madurai. Madurai was well known for its third Tamil get together
Foreign Trade:
  1. Tamilakam had broad exchange with distant lands.
  2. Greeks content like Pliny's periplus History additionally affirm these exchange relations.
  3. The Sangam literature utilizes the word 'Yavana' for Greek and Romans.
  4. Historians affirm that Christianity came to South India because of these contacts. v) Trade course was through North India front Taxila to Pataliputra by means of Ujjain which connected to Tamralipti seaport.
  5. Tamil Kingdom even had exchange with South and South-East districts of Ceylon, Malaya, Java, Cambodia, Sumatra, and so forth.
Conquerors from Distant Lands:
  1. In North-West India, the main conquers were Sungas, Indo-Greeks, Parthians, Kushanas and Shakas.
  2. Sungas came in 185BC, in the wake of overcoming the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha and caught Magadha. They spread Buddhism.
  3. The Indo-Greeks or Bactrians were from Northern Afghanistan. They caught Punjab.
  4. The Parthians originated from Central Asia and set up Gandhara as their capital. The Kushanas were migrant Yeuh-chi tribes of North-West China. They crushed the
  5. Indo-Greeks, Parthians and Shakas. Their most noteworthy ruler was Kanishka.
  6. Shakas came through Hindu-kush mountains and set up Ujjain as their capital. The most popular Shaka ruler was Rudradaman.
  7. In focal India, the Satavahanas were the fundamental rulers. Gautamipurtra, Sri Satkarni was their most critical ruler.
Trade:
  1. Trade flourished amid this period. Every one of the kingdoms issued various gold, silver and copper coins to promote exchange.
  2. Broach, Sopara and Kalyan were the critical port cities.
  3. The most critical purpose behind advancement and thriving amid the age was the Silk Route which connected India to Rome by means of Central Asia.
Religion:
  1. In India, Buddhism and Hinduism were the two primary religions.
  2. Buddhism was separated into two religions Hinayana and Mahayana.
  3. Menander, the Indo-Greek lord and Kanishka, the Kushana ruler helped in advancement of Buddhism.
  4. Bamiyan, one of the tallest statues of Buddha.
  5. Hinduism was patronized by Satavahana ruler who venerated Vishnu, Shiva and Mother Goddess.
  6. Emphasis was now laid on loving devotion to God called Bhakti.
  7. Deities were kept in special homes called temples.
  8. Bhagvad Gita ended up noticeably acclaimed content amid this period.

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